Kulliyyah of Architecture & Environmental Design, IIUM

Descriptions

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Hopea Sangal is a large tree species found in the mixed, lowland dipterocarp forests of South East Asia. It is native to Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei and Singapore. The species is globally assessed as Vulnerable. There has been an estimated population reduction of between 30-50% in the past three generations. The decline is likely to continue into the future but at an unknown rate due to the continuing threats to the species of habitat loss and selective logging.

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The species is found at Clay-rich soils on river banks or hillsides favours at elevation up to 500 meters. The tree species can grow up to 40 m tall (Ashton 2004). It is found in lowland evergreen, mixed dipterocarp forest, often near rivers (Chua et al. 2010). It has a generation length of 100 years. It can be propagated by seed. This tree suitable for parks and gardens. The species required full sun or semi-shade. The flowers are cream colour. It has dark brown bark that cracked vertically. It produces resin for varnish.

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Bibliography:

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1. Wong, T. M. 1982. A Dictionary of Malaysian Timbers. Revised by Lim, S. C. & Chung, R. C. K. Malayan Forest Records No. 30. Kuala Lumpur: Forest Research Institute Malaysia, 201 pp.

2. https://www.rainforestjournal.com/the-tualang-tree-or-koompassia-excelsa/. [Accessed: 5.8.19]

3. https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/29496. [Accessed: 5.8.19]

4. https://belumoutdoor.com/2011/11/30/tualang-tree-koompassia-excelsa/.[Accessed: 7.8.19]